Phytoremediation of Flyash by Assessing Growth Responses of the Local Tree Species

Divya Agarwal¹*, Manoj K. Agarwal², Mohammad Yunus ³ and S.K. Gautam⁴

¹Assosiate Prof., Dept. of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Accurate Institute of Management & Technology, Greater Noida, India.

^bProfessor, D.J. College of Engineering & Technology, Modinagar, India

³School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow, India.

⁴Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Engineering & Management, Mathura, U.P., India.

Flyash is the coal combustion residue generated in bulk quantities from thermal power generation in India. Disposal of flyash is of serious environmental concern due to its hazardous properties, impact on vegetation and crops grown,and long-term risks to ecosystems and human life. Physico-chemical properties of flyash from the Feroz Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power Plant (FGUTPP), Raebareilly in Uttar Pradesh (India) were compared with that of Garden Soil (GS). Plants of Terminalia arjuna, Bauhinia variegata and Morus alba were grown on flyash substrate to understand the potential of phytoremediation in reclaiming the flyash dumpsites. The plant growth was analysed in different combinations of flyash and garden soil: 100% flyash (T1), 75% flyash and 25% GS (T2), 50% flyash and 50% GS (T3), 25% flyash and 75% GS (T4). Different morphological viz. Shoot & root growth, and physiological parameters of plant growth viz. Chlorophyll, Protein and Nitrate Reductase were analysed. Results of the study are directly useful in developing phytoremediation protocols for flyash disposal sites of application of flyash as a blend to the plantation areas.

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⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study of Cretaceous Sediments of Jaisalmer Petroliferous

Basin of Rajasthan, India

K.R. Patel¹, Sahi Ram^2,* and Renu³

^1,2Professor, Department of Physics, Jai Narain Vyas University Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

³Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Jai Narain Vyas University Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy study was carried out on sedimentary samples collected from different depth interval in Cretaceous sedimentary sequence.  These samples were collected from different test wells drilled in Jaisalmer petroliferous basin and also for each well the samples were collected from different depths. The chemical state of iron in Cretaceous sediments has been studied. Iron is found present in pyrite, carbonates and clays. A possible correlation in relative abundance of iron-bearing minerals and the environment of deposition is discussed.

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Study of Ferrous to Ferric Ratio in Source Rock Sediments of Jaisalmer Basin of Rajasthan, India, Using Mössbauer Spectroscopy

K.R. Patel¹, Sahi Ram^2,* and Renu³

^1,2Professor, Department of Physics, Jai Narain Vyas University Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

³Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Jai Narain Vyas University Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

Number of sedimentary samples obtained from different depth were studied using ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy to identify iron phases in samples. These samples were collected from different test wells drilled in Jaisalmer petroliferous basin and also for each well the samples were collected from different depths. Aim of this study was to identify different iron phases and also to obtain information about crucial Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio in the organic rich sediments (source rocks). The Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio seems to be correlated with the environment of deposition in the sediments. The smaller value of Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio indicate poor reducing condition in the sediments which is not favourable for generation of oil/gas in a basin.

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Performance Analysis for a Network having Standby Redundant Unit with Waiting in Repair

Jitendra Singh^1,* and Rabins Porwal²

^1,*Research Scholar, NIMS University, Rajasthan, India

²Associate Professor, Department of Information Technology,

Institute of Technology & Science (ITS), Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad (UP) – 201 007,INDIA

In this paper, the authors deal with a complex network having n-identical units in series and two identical standby units for evaluation of its ability measures. The authors have been used supplementary variables technique to formulate the mathematical equations for various flow-states of fig-1(b). These mathematical equations have been solved by the application of Laplace transform. The Laplace transforms of various flow-states probabilities have obtained. We have calculated the expressions for reliability function, availability function and mean time to failure (M.T.T.F.). Analysis of time-independent state probabilities and a particular case, when all repairs follow exponential time distribution, have also given to improve the practical utility of the model.

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Performance Study of Single Compressor-Multi Evaporator Type Refrigeration Plant

E.B. Saju^1,* and Dr. Deepankar Sharma²

^1,*Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India

²Professor, Dept. of Mathematics, D.J. College of Engg. & Tech., Modinagar, UP

The author, in this paper, has considered a refrigeration plant for analysis of its some important performance measures. This refrigeration plant has a single compressor with multi-evaporators. Boolean function technique has been used to formulate and solve the mathematical model. Reliability of the system has been obtained in two cases: (i) when failure rates follow exponential time distribution, and (ii) when failure rates follow Weibull time distribution. Mean time to failure of the system has also been given at the end. One numerical example together with the graphical illustration has been appended at the end to highlight the important results of the study.

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Analysis of Working Capabilities for Solar PV System Incorporating Environmental Effects

E.B. Saju^1,* and Dr. Deepankar Sharma²

^1,*Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India

²Professor, Dept. of Mathematics, D.J. College of Engg. & Tech., Modinagar, UP

In this paper, the author has considered a solar photovoltaic (PV) system to measure its availability as well as profit. Since, the system under consideration is of Non-Markovian nature, the supplementary variables technique has used to formulate a mathematical model. All the failures follow exponential time distribution whereas all repairs follow general time distribution. Pre-emptive repeat policy has been adopted for repair purpose. Availability and the profit function for the solar system have been computed. Long–run flow-state probabilities and a particular case, when repairs follow general time distribution, have also been obtained to fulfill the approach to better study of the system. The analysis of results has been drawn through a graphical illustration followed by a numerical computation.

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Reliability Forecast for UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) by Employing Boolean Truth Table Method

Pankaj Singh^1,*, Shamimul Qamar² and K. P. Yadav³

^1,*Research Scholar, NIMS University, Rajasthan, India

²Professor, Institute of Science & Technology Klawad, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India

³Professor, Saraswati Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad (U.P.)

This paper investigates the application of the Boolean Truth Table modeling method in estimating the reliability parameters such as the system’s failure rate and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), for the uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems. The term “uninterruptible” in the UPS implies that the system never fails. However, like any electrical system, failure will occur at some point in time. The reliability of the system is a function of the component selection, the environment of the UPS and the proper operation and maintenance of the UPS. The reliability estimation of the UPS enables the system designers, manufacturers and lastly the end-user to ensure that the UPS will be able to support the critical loads for a specified time during unforeseen circumstances. This paper proposed the Boolean Truth Table method in predicting the failure rates, and mean time between failures (MTBF), of the three types of UPS configurations.

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Opportunity of Energy Saving: A Case Study of Engineering College Workshop

Shailendra Kasera^1,*, Ashish Nayyar² and Ravi Kumar Goyal³

^1,*Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur

²Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SKIT Jaipur

³Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JIT Jaipur

Today energy is a prime focus due to rapid growth and development of technology. Energy audit is going to play a vital role in order to save energy and make the process efficient. Energy efficiency is extremely important to all the organization. It should not be limited industry; creating awareness in all users of energy is an urgent task. Although industry is a major user of energy we can not overlook the energy consumption in other sector. This paper includes the case study of engineering college’s workshop. It is found that both energy and time can be saved using suitable method & tips and earliest opportunity to create awareness of energy conservation among the students.

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Reliability Measurement of a Four Cylinder Diesel Engine By Employing Algebra of Logics

Trilok Nath^1,* and Dr. Moonis Masood²

^1,*Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India

²Dept. of Mathematics, Yanbu University College, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia

In this paper, the authors have evaluated reliability of four cylinder diesel engine by employing the Algebra of logics which is easier in comparison of old techniques. Here, a multi-component fuel system in diesel engine, comprised of four subsystems in series, has considered. The authors, in this model, have considered a parallel redundant fuel injective device to improve the system’s performance. The whole system can fail due to failure of atleast one component of all the routes of flow. Boolean function technique has used to formulate and solve the mathematical model. Reliability and M.T.T.F. of the considered diesel engine have been obtained to connect the model with physical situations. A numerical example and its graphical representation have been appended at last to highlight important results.

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Some Exact Solutions for Rotating Flows of a Generalized Second Grade Fluid in Cylindrical Domains

Rakhi Sharma¹, A. K. Bhargava­², Narottam Kumar³ and A. B. Chandramouli⁴

¹Research Scholar, C.C.S. University, Meerut

 ²Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, M.M.H. College, Ghaziabad (UP), India

^3,4Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Meerut College, Meerut (UP), India

¹E-mail:rakhi_shrma83@yahoo.com, ²E-mail: dr.bhargavaak@gmail.com

In this paper, we have studied the rotational flow of a generalized second grade fluid between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders. The velocity field and the shear stress obtained by means of Laplace and Hankel transforms are presented under series form in terms of generalized functions. At time t = 0, the fluid and cylinders are at rest. At t = 0⁺, both cylinders suddenly begin to rotate, about their common axis, with a constant angular acceleration. The obtained solutions can be specialized to give the similar solutions for ordinary second grade and Newtonian fluids performing the same motion.

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Surfactants as Corrosion Inhibitors for Stainless Steel in HCl Solution

Diwan Singh Rajan^1,* and Dr. Shiv Darshan Malik²

^1,*Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, JJT University, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan) India

²Research Guide , Department of Chemistry, JJT University, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan) India

The role of some surfactants in the corrosion of Stainless steel in 1.0 M HCl has been studied using weight loss and galvanostatic polarization techniques. Results showed that the inhibition occurs through adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreased with increasing temperature which is due to the fact, that the rate of corrosion of Stainless steel is higher than the rate of adsorption The inhibiting action of these compounds are considerably enhanced by the addition of KI, due to the increase of the surface coverage and therefore indicate the joint adsorption of these compounds and iodide ions. Thermodynamic parameters for adsorption and activation processes were determined. Galvanostatic polarization data indicated that these compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors. Results obtained from the two techniques are in good agreement.

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Intensify the I/O Performance of OODBS by Collaboration between Clustering and Buffer Replacement

Dheeraj Chooramani^1,* and Dr. D.K. Pandey²

^1,*Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, JJTU Rajasthan

² Director, Dr. Pandey Professional College Ghaziabad

There are different techniques for improving I/O performance of Object oriented database Management Systems (OODBMS). Over 15 years of research into OODBMS design, performance remains as one of the major problems. I/O reduction has proven to be one of the most effective ways enhancing performance. The two main techniques of improving I/O performance of Object Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS) are clustering and buffer replacement. Clustering is the placement of objects accessed near to each other in time into the same page. Buffer replacement involves the selection of a page to be evicted, when the buffer is full. The page evicted ideally should be the page needed least in the future. These two techniques both influence the likelihood of a requested object being memory resident. We believe an effective way of reducing disk I/O is to take advantage of the synergy that exists between clustering, and buffer replacement. Hence, we design a framework, whereby clustering algorithms incorporating buffer replacement cache behaviour can be conveniently employed for enhancing the I/O performance of OODBMS. We call this new type of clustering algorithm, Cache Conversant Clustering (C3). In this paper, we present the C3 framework, and a C3 algorithm that we have developed, namely C3-GGP Greedy Graph Partioning. We have tested C3-GGP against three well known clustering algorithms. The results show that C3-GGP out performs them by up to 42% when using popular buffer replacement algorithms such as LRU,FCFS and CLOCK. C3-GGP offers the same performance as the best existing clustering algorithm when the buffer size compared to the database size is very small.

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Influence of Pollutant Particles and Electric Field in Particle Nucleation and Condensation

Shivani Avasthi^1,* and P.P. Pathak²

^1,*Research  Scholar, Department of Physics, GKV Haridwar

²Professor & Head, Department of Physics, GKV Haridwar

Theory of drop growth in presence of external electric field and pollutant particles has been applied to water vapour condensation. In presence of electric field, Helmholtz free energy of formation of water molecule about a critical nucleus is found to be much less than that in absence of the electric field. We see that for vapour just saturated with respect to water, the energy of the nucleus formation rapidly increases with size as r²_wc. The observations suggests that nucleation rate is extremely sensitive to supersaturation ratio, since the term in the exponent varies as S^-2_v,w. Since in presence of ions and electric field a small value of electric field is comparable to very high supersaturation ratio to get a nucleus of given size under similar conditions of temperature.

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