Studies on Effect of Interface Layer at the Organic-Cathode Interface on PCE of OSCs

Dr. Hemant Kumar

Government Degree College, Kasganj, U.P., India.

hemantamu@gmail.com

The effect of exciton blocking layer (EBL) on the performance of bilayer copper pthalocyanine (CuPc)/fullerene (C₆₀) photovoltaic devices is studied and the results are presented here. CuPc and C₆₀ are the electron donor and acceptor respectively. The application of EBL enhances the fill factor (FF) and short circuit current (J_sc), which results in the enhancement of the overall efficiency of the devices. Bathocuproine (BCP) and bathophenanlthroline (BPhen) are used as the EBL materials in these studies. With respect to the standard device (device containing no EBL), an enhancement of ~ 48 times in efficiency is observed for the device containing BCP. The application of BPhen in place of BCP enhances further the efficiency by ~ 70 %, which is attributed to better electron transportation through BPhen.

Keywords: Exciton blocking layer (EBL), Fill factor (FF), Organic semiconductors (OSCs).

Full Paper

Entanglement Detection Criterion in terms of Probability Amplitudes

Sushamana Sharma^1,*, Rakesh Kothari² and Abhijit Kulshrestha³

^1,2,3 Dept. of Physics, Jodhpur Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

*sushmana.sharma@jietjodhpur.com

Entanglement has widely researched nowadays worldwide because of its applications in the field of technology. A significant problem is its detection is dealt in this paper. Many methods for entanglement detection and problems associated them are given. An entanglement criterion based on probability amplitudes is derived and tricks which helps in finding a suitable entanglement witness for two qubit systems is explained.

Keywords: Entaglement, Probability amplitude, Two qubit system.

Full Paper

Sensitive, Simple and Rapid Spectrophotometric Method for Monitoring Treatment Concentration of Chloramine-T on Fish Culture Facilities and Environmental Water Samples using Green Analytical Reagent

Riyad Ahmed Al-Okab^1,* and Amal Mohammed Al-Awadhi²

^1,*Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Republic of Yemen.

²Medical Sciences Dean’s Assistant, Lebanese International University, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen.

*riad.aloqob@ye.liu.edu.lb

When studying the effectiveness of the drug for controlling bacterial gill disease. N-sodium-N-chloro-rho-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T) concentration must be monitored during treatments of fish. A simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method, using phenoxazine Cisapride (CSP) and Metaclopramide as green analytical reagents for determination of chloramine-T (CAT) was proposed. The methods are based on the oxidation of Cisapride (CSP) and Metaclopramide (MCP) by chloramine-T in acidic media and coupling with phenoxazine to produce red colour product that has maximum absorption at 520 nm. The calibration curves are linear over 0.50 – 4.50 µg mL^‑1 and 0.45 – 4.00 µg mL^‑1 respectively. The concentration measurements are reproducible within a relative standard deviation of 1% and recoveries are 98.0 -102.0 %. The performance of proposed methods were evaluated in terms of Student’s t-test and Variance ratio F-test that indicate the significance of proposed methods over the standard spectrophotometric method. The proposed method was successfully applied in the determination of chloramine-T in fish culture facilities and environmental water samples.

Keywords: Chloramine-T, Spectrophotometric method, Fish Culture Facilities, Phenoxazine cisapride, green analytical reagents.

Full Paper

Study of Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Nano-Structured Zinc doped V₂O₅ Thin Films

T. Akkila^1,* and I. Mansur Basha²

^1,*PG& Research Department of Physics, Govt. Arts College, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India.

²PG& Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy,Tamilnadu, India.

Thin films of zinc-doped vanadium pentoxide with different Zn doping levels (in steps of 0.1mM of Zn) were deposited on glass substrates by a home built spray pyrolysis system. The effect of Zn doping on the structural, morphological and optical characteristics were carried out. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that prepared films were polycrystalline in nature, having an orthorhombic crystal structure. Annealing effect improved the crystallinity of the films. The crystallite size of the films was found to increase after annealing. From the FESEM image, the rod shape was observed in the annealed pristine V₂O₅ film. The band gap energies of as deposited and annealed pristine V₂O₅ film were 2.16eV and 2.18eV respectively. The band gap energy of as deposited films varied with Zn doping.

Keywords: Thin films, Zinc Doping, Spray pyrolysis, X-ray diffraction.

Full Paper

Effect of Coulomb Blockade on Josephson Super Current Across Superconductor/Quantum Dot/Superconductor Nano Junction

A. Dhyani, P. Dua, A.K. Chawla and B.S. Tewari*

Department of Physics, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

^*E-mail:-bstewari@ddn.upes.ac.in

The present paper deals with the study of Josephson supercurrent across the correlated single level quantum dot sandwiched between two s-wave superconductors. The renormalized Anderson model is used that includes in the Hamiltonian contribution corresponding to the correlated superconducting quantum dot state, effective BCS type attractive interaction in the superconducting leads, the electron tunneling energy term responsible for coupling of superconducting leads with the dot energy level thatrepresents the tunneling of Cooper pair between two superconductors and on-dot coulomb energy to take care of electronic correlations. The Green’s function equations of motion technique are employed within the framework of Ambegaokar-Baratoff approach to analyze the Josephson supercurrent across such junction. It is pointed out that for large value of on-dot Coulomb energy, the Josephson supercurrent across superconducting Quantum dot (S-QD-S) junction decreases.

Keywords: Josephson supercurrent, Quantum dot, Electron tunneling, Cooper pair, Superconductivity, Nanoscopic junction.

Full Paper

Higher – Derivations in Completely Semi Prime -Rings

M.M. Rahman¹ and S.K. Paul^2,*
¹Department of Mathematics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
^2,*Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

*e-mail: sanjitkpaul@gmail.com

The aim of the present paper is to prove d_n (uαm) = Ʃ_i+j=n d_i(u)αd_j(m), ∀u ∈ U, m∈M, α ∈ Γ, n ∈ N, where  is a 2-torsion free completely semi prime  Γ-ring satisfying the condition aαbβc = aβbαc, ∀ a,b,c ∈ M and α,β∈ Γ,U is an admissible Lie ideal of M and D = (d_i)_i∈N is a higher (U,M)-derivation of M.

Keywords: Admissible Lie ideal, higher -derivation, completely semiprime -ring.

2010 AMS Subject Classification: Primary 13N15; Secondary 16W10, 17C50.

Full Paper