Process Improvement by

Implementation of Lean

Techniques

Ch Raviteja

Graduate of Mechanical Engineering, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus

MIG-1880, BHEL, R.C.Puram, Hyderabad

Lean manufacturing techniques are being increasingly used in many industries due to their success in the Japanese automobile industry. There are many techniques one may use to improve the processes but any techniques have to be continuously implemented (Kaizen) in order to obtain substantial results. Even though the literature on Lean techniques is easily available, not many companies have been successful in implementing them. This paper deals with the application of some techniques in a high mix- low volume environment.

Keywords: Lean, Value Stream Mapping, Single piece flow, 5S methodology, Ishikawa diagram etc.

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Determination and Comparative

Study of Mineral Elements and

Nutritive Value of some Common

Fruit Plants

Brijesh Mishra¹, Ritu Kushwaha² and F.K. Pandey^3,*

^1,2Department of Biotechnology, IMS School of Biosciences, Ghaziabad, U.P. India

^3,*Department of Biotechnology, SoS, Noida International University, GBN, UP. India

Owing to diverse agro climatic conditions, India is endowed with a wide variety of plants, both wild growing and domesticated, which contribute to the diet of its people. Nutritional contribution and nutritive value of fruits have been extensively studied but, there is practically no information on nutritive value of their bark which may contribute significantly to the nutrient intake of local population. Fruit plants viz; Phyllanthus emblica (Amla), Aegle marmelos (Bael) and Carica papaya (Papita) are very important fruit plants in all over India. These plants have great importance due to their economic value, nutritive value and major source of medicines as they have been found through out human history. The present course of study reveals the elements in bark of the fruits (Amla, Bael & Papaya) as well as the nutritive value of their bark. Macro and microelement contents of bark of three fruit plants (Phyllanthus emblica, Aegle marmelos and Carica papaya) were evaluated by the use of inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) technique. The plant parts showed sufficient mineral elements, most of which have been found to be common among them with good nutritive value and rich in carbohydrate, enough protein and fat content.

Keywords: Phyllanthus emblica, Aegle marmelos and Carica papaya. Mineral elements and Nutritive value.

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Thermal Expansivity and

Isothermal Bulk Modulus of

Various Classes of Minerals

at High Temperatures

Dr. S.P. Singh^1,* and Dr. Jeet Singh²

^1,*Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Govt. Degree College, Sambhal, Bhimnagar.

²Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Govt. Degree College, Manth, Mathura.

In this paper, a new expression for temperature dependence of thermal expansivity and bulk modulus are developed using a simple thermodynamical equation of state. The proposed equation of state is applied to investigate the study thermal expansivity and bulk modulus of various classes of minerals and provides the non-linear models for variation of both thermal expansivity and bulk modulus with temperatures. The results obtained for various earth’s minerals are discussed and compared with experimental results. The computed values of thermal expansivity and bulk modulus have shown a good agreement with available experimental results. It is concluded that a new expression for thermal expansivity and bulk modulus is capable to predict the elastic properties of Earth’s minerals under high temperature conditions.

Keywords: EOS, Thermal expansivity, Bulk modulus, Minerals.

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Virtualization: A Solution for

 High Availability

Mukesh Chandra Negi^1,* and Dr. D.K. Pandey²

^1,*Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, JJTU, Rajasthan

²Director, Dr. Pandey Professional College, Ghaziabad

Virtualization is a technique where a physical server can be divided into multiple virtual servers and each server has its own resources like RAM, CPU, Disk Storage etc. initially the concept of virtualization was initiated specific in the terms of Hardware but later it has got great success in term of Software’s also. There are lots of benefits of hardware as well software virtualization specifically in the field of information technology. Such benefits are like cost saving in terms of infrastructure cost, Labor cost, Hardware cost, Software cost, Space cost, Failover capabilities in case of hardware as well as software failure, reduced the downtime of the production application and most importantly its very helpful in case of any planned or unplanned outages. Since the applications running on production environment has demand the high availability to serve the client requests 24*7, so it’s necessary to minimize the downtime of any planned or unplanned outages as well provide the failover capabilities to minimize the un planned outages. Virtualization is a perfect solution for such an environment where great high availability demanded although still few problems and limitations are there those need to rectify in the future to make it widely accepted by all of the organizations specifically in term of Information Technology. Few of the current issues are like there is no proper way to know the failure of the primary machine because the synch between primary and secondary backup machine can be break due to n number of reasons like due to some network latency or missing of heartbeats due to certain reasons etc. sometimes secondary backup machine did not able to recognize the failure of primary machine due to partial services failure and failover concept didn’t work properly. Apart from that in case of outage of a particular shared resource like shared drive between n numbers of virtual machines impacted the functionality of all of the machines. Still lots of research works have been going on in the same to find out a pure error free virtualization platform.           

Keywords: Availability, Virtualization, Load balancing, Failover, recovery, outages, cluster.

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Enhancement of Nisin Production

by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis

MTCC 440 using a Novel Soya

Permeate Medium

Dr. Mukta Sharma

Associate Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology,

Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College & Research Centre

Masuri, Ghaziabad

One of the biggest problems when producing nisin from lactic acid bacteria on an industrial scale is the high cost of the complex peptide sources of the specific commercial media. Improving nisin production through optimization of fermentation parameters would make nisin more cost-effective for various applications. In this work the possibility of using soya permeate as a substitute for commercial peptide sources was studied. The growth and nisin production by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MTCC 440 was investigated in fixed volume batch fermentation on soya permeate, and MRS medium. Kinetic parameters and nisin production was higher to those obtained with bactopeptone and commercial media. Soya permeate was also supplemented with growth stimulating amino acids. Nisin biosynthesis is strongly dependent on the presence of a sulphur source, either an inorganic salt (magnesium sulphate or sodium thiosulphate) or the amino acids methionine, or cysteine. The amino acids serine, threonine and cysteine highly stimulate nisin production without affecting the final cell yield, indicating their precursor role during nisin biosynthesis.

Keywords: Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Batch fermentation, Nisin, Soya permeate.

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A Flexible Reliability Growth

Model for various Releases of

Software under the Influence of

Testing Resources

Jagvinder Singh¹, Ompal Singh^2,*, Deepti Aggrawal³, Adarsh Anand⁴ and Indarpal Singh⁵

¹Maharaja Agrasen College, University of Delhi, India

^2,3,4Department of Operational Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

⁵DNPG College, Gulaothi, Bulandshahar, UP, India

The life of software is very short in the environment of perfect competition market. Therefore the software developers have to come up with multiple releases in order to survive in the market. But, enhancing the product and coming up with multiple releases puts a constant pressure on even the best organized engineering organizations. The reason being, up-grading a software application is a complex process. Up-grades of software introduce the risk that the new release will contain a bug, causing the program to fail. Therefore, to capture the effect of faults generated in the software with multiple release, we have developed a multi release software reliability model in this paper. The model uniquely take into account the faults of the current release and the remaining faults of just previous release. The multi release software reliability growth model treats the faults removal rate as a function of testing resources consumed. In addition, most of the debugging process in real life is not perfect. Due to complexity and incomplete understanding of the software, the testing team may not be able to remove/correct the fault perfectly on observation/ detection of a failure and the original fault may remain resulting in the phenomenon known as imperfect debugging, or get replaced by another fault causing error generation. The effects of both type of imperfect debugging during testing phase are incorporated in our proposed multi-release model. The model developed is validated on real data set with software which has been released in the market with new features four times

Keywords: Flexible Reliability Growth Models, Various releases, Testing resources.

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New Applications of Soft

Computing in Bioinformatics:

A Review

  Amit Gaurav¹, Vivek Kumar² and Dr. Darshika Nigam^3,*

¹Galgotias College of Engg. & Tech., Greater Noida (UP)

 ²Delhi College of Tech. & Mnagment, Palwal, Haryana

^3,*Deptt. of Biochemistry, SLS Dr. B.R. Ambedker University, Agra (UP)

Bioinformatics is a promising and innovative research field. Soft Computing is playing a crucial role as it provides techniques that are especially well suited to obtain results in an efficient way and with a good level of quality. Soft Computing can also be useful to model the imprecision and uncertainty that the Bioinformatics data and problems have. In this paper, we survey the role of different soft computing paradigms, like Fuzzy Sets (FSs), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), evolutionary computation, Rough Sets (RSs), and Support Vector Machines (SVMs), biologically inspired algorithm like ant colony system, swarm intelligence and others in bioinformatics systems and problems.  In broader view the present review reveals the major process and functions which are handled by these computing techniques are pattern-recognition and data-mining tasks, clustering, classification, feature selection, and rule generation of Genomic sequence, protein structure, gene expression microarrays, and gene regulatory networks.

Keywords: Bioinformatics, Soft computing paradigm, Fuzzy sets, Artificial neural network, Rough sets, Support vector Machines, Ant colony system.

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Protective Role of Turmeric in

 Manganese-Induced Oxidative

 Alterations in Rat Brain

Darshika Nigam^1,*, Vibha Rani² and Kalpana Singh³

^1,*Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, India

²Department of Biotehnology, Jay Pee Institute of Technology, Noida, India

³Department of Pathology, S.N. Medical College, Agra, India

Turmeric powder obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn., has been traditionally recognized for treatment of several diseases. Overexposure to manganese (Mn) results in a neurological disorder, termed manganism which shares a similar phenotype to Parkinson’s disease. The present study explores the protective effect of turmeric against the toxicity of manganese (Mn) in adult albino male rat brain. Rats were divided into four groups. Group I rats served as control. Group II rats received turmeric (1g/kg body weight/day, orally) for 45 days. Group III rats were received Mn as MnCl₂ (8mg/Kg body weight/day), intraperitoneally for 15 days. Group IV rats were orally received turmeric for 45 days. Besides turmeric, group IV rats were also received Mn as MnCl₂ (8mg/Kg body weight/day, intraperitoneally) for last 15 days. Levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation potential, conjugated dienes, blood-brain barrier permeability, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased, however lower levels of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and membrane fluidity were observed in brain of group III. There was no change found in the activity of catalase in brain of any of the experimental groups. These changes were ameliorated in group IV. The study suggests that turmeric exhibits neuroprotection against free radical-mediated neurotoxicity of Mn.

Keywords: Turmeric, Manganese, Parkinson’s disease, Blood-brain barrier, Neuroprotection.

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Weakly g-Continuous Mappings

Vinshu^1,* and Dr. Bhopal Singh Sharma²

^1,*Research scholar, Department of Mathematics, N.R.E.C. College, KHURJA, Bulandshahr, UP, India

²Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, N.R.E.C. College, KHURJA, Bulandshahr, UP, India

The present paper comprises some basic properties of weakly g-continuous mappings. Several necessary and sufficient conditions for weakly g-continuous mappings have been studied in section 2. A few results on composition maps are also established in the last.

Keywords: Weakly g-continuous mapping.

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