To Assess the Quality of Groundwater and its Implication on Human Health in Niwai Tehsil, Tonk, Rajasthan, India

Bhagwan Sahai Yadav^1,* and Dr. Abha Garg²

^1,*Research Scholar, Dr. K.N. Modi University, Niwai, Tonk, Rajasthan, India

²Professor, Dr. K.N. Modi University, Niwai, Tonk, Rajasthan, India

There is a severe fluoride problem is Niwai Tehsil of Tonk district. Populaces are suffering from dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. So that physico-chemical study of 80 villages was done. The ground water samples collected in clean polyethylene bottles were analyzed for different parameters such as pH, Total Alkalinity, Fluoride (F^–), Nitrate (NO₃^–), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Chloride (Cl^–), Total Hardness (TH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Ca-H, Mg-H by using standard techniques. Results showed that fluoride was found even up to the alarming limit of 14.62ppm. Minimum (1.10ppm) and maximum (14.62ppm) concentration of Fluoride was observed from Khendewat and Seepura villages respectively.

Key words: Dental fluorosis, Skeletal fluorosis, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).

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Recovering Lead Metal from Lak Mine Lead Concentrate by Ferric Chloride Leaching

Dr. Ezatollah Mozaffari^1,*, Majid Mohseni² and Elham Abaie³

^1,*Assistant Prof., Imam Khomeini International University, University Blvd., Qazvin, Iran

^2,3Research Scholar, Imam Khomeini International University, University Blvd., Qazvin, Iran

Lead concentrate from Lak lead mine in Iran was processed via leaching method. In this method some of the undesirable conditions such as long term melting and roasting and sulfur gas emission prevailing in the conventional pyrometallurgical lead extraction method are omitted. Therefore, it is more environmentally friendly to produce lead by leaching method. The use of ferric chloride and sodium chloride as leaching reagents at various temperatures was examined. It has been shown that 99.8% lead and 82.2% silver can be extracted from sulfide concentrates. According to this research, the optimum conditions for Lak mine concentrate are: Ferric Chloride: 45gm/lit, Sodium Chloride: 200gm/lit. temperature: 70^°C and the leaching time: between 9 to 12 minutes.

Keywords: Leaching method, Sulfur emission, Lead concentrate.

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Prevalence of Wasting in Children under the Age of Five Years in Fazilka in Punjab

Dr. Anil Gupta

Reader, Deptt. of Biochem., Eklavya Dental College & Hospital, Kotputli, Rajasthan, India.

Today, malnutrition in children is the key issue of the world. Children below the age of five years constitute about 13% of the population in india. This health problem has high occurrence in the children in developing countries. The study was executed in city Fazilka, in Punjab, encompassed total 440 children, selected through random, multistage sampling technique. Study displayed overall prevalence of (13%) ‘wasting’ in children under age of five years, along with differential prevalence of 11% (27/240), 15% (20/127), 15% (11/73) ‘wasting’ in children in Schools, Anganwadi and Slum areas correspondingly.

Keywords:  Malnutrition, Wasting.

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Electrical Properties of BiFeO₃ – BaTiO₃ Ceramics

S. Shankar¹ and Manish Kumar^2, *

¹ Department of Physics, ARSD college, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.

^2,* Department of Ceramic Engineering, IIT, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

BiFeO₃– BaTiO₃ ceramicshave been synthesized via solid state reaction method. The X-ray studies of structural parameters reveal that BiFeO₃– BaTiO₃ (BFO-BT) solid solutions undergo structural transformations from rhombhohedral to cubic system. The unit cell dimensions increases with higher doping of higher ionic radii dopant (BT). The electrical properties for different composition x=0.10,0.15 and 0.30 in (1-x)BFO-xBT ceramics were studied in the frequency range 1kHz-1MHz at room temperature. It is found that the BFO with higher BT concentrations show higher electrical resistivity as well as capacitance. The decrease in electrical resistance and capacitance has been observed with the increase of frequency of the applied field. The larger dispersion in resistivity is due to dominance of intra-well hopping over inter-well hopping indicating a strong dependence of material properties on BT doping.

Keywords: Capacitance. Resistivity. X-ray diffraction. SEM.

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Mascot of Wetland: Cranes

Sulakshana Darapuri

Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India.

The Cranes are among the most ancient and distinctive families of bird on earth. At present there are approximately 15 species of Cranes whereas the fossil record includes at least 17 extinct species. No Crane’s species has been extinct within record history since 1600. For thousands of years the Hindu people of India have revered Cranes. The length positioning of the trachea are critical features of Cranes anatomy and shape the distinctive voices of the various species. All species of Crane dance. Wary residents of wetlands and grasslands, Cranes have also long symbolised natural grandeur and the special quality of wild places. Like many other species of wild life, Cranes have also been subjected to pressure of human population growth and development. The population is declined for various species of Crane have been attributed mainly to loss of habitats and persecution by humans. Under the new categories eleven of the fifteen species are likely to be listed as Threatened (which includes the categories Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable) by the International Union Conservation of Nature and Natural resources (IUCN). A number of captive breeding centres are being established in various countries for the endangered Cranes.

Keywords: Cranes, trachea, Wetland, International Union Conservation of Nature and Natural resources (IUCN).

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The Quality of Groundwater in Jaipur Region with Emphasis to Fluoride Concentration

Bhagwan Sahai Yadav^1,* and Dr. Abha Garg²

^1,*Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, Dr. K. N. Modi University, Newai, Tonk, Rajasthan, India.

²Professor, Department of Chemistry, Dr. K. N. Modi University, Newai, Tonk, Rajasthan, India.

The problem of high fluoride in groundwater is one of the most important health related geo-environmental issue. It is beneficial up to certain limits but excess intake (i.e. >1.5mg/L) may cause fluorosis. Fluoride in groundwater was studied in Sanganer tehsil of Jaipur district. 18 villages were under surveillance. Groundwater samples were periodically collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters including Fluoride (F^–), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), total hardness, Calcium (Ca²⁺), Chloride (Cl^–) and alkalinity. The analytical results revealed considerable variations in the chemical composition of water samples. Fluoride concentration varies from 0.20 to 6.45 mg/L.

Keywords: Water quality, Fluoride, Fluorosis.

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Strongly NA – Continuous Mappings

Vinshu^1,*, Dr. Bhopal Singh Sharma² and Arvind Kumar³

^1,*Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, N.R.E.C. College, Khurja, UP, India.

²Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, N.R.E.C. College, Khurja, UP, India.

³Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

This paper introduces a new class of mappings, namely, strongly na-continuous mappings. This class lies properly between the class of super I-continuous mappings and the class of strongly continuous mappings due to Levine. Some characterizations and basic properties of these mappings are obtained. The relationships among these mappings and some other stronger forms of continuity are also investigated.

Keywords: θ – closure, semi-open, semi-interior, strongly na-continuous and feebly open.

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