Electrical Resistivity and Magnetic Susceptibility of 10% Pr-Doped YBa₂Cu₃O_7-X At High Temperatures

Dr. Pawan Kumar¹ and Dr. Vaibhav Jain^2,*

¹Department of Physics, A.S. College, Sikandrabad, Bulandshahr, UP,  India.

^2,*Department of Physics, D.A.V.(P.G.) College, Bulandshahr, UP,  India.

A reversible transition was observed at around 650^°C in both dc electrical resistivity (ρ) and dc magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements. The transition was characterized by a shoulder-like increment in the p-T curve and a sudden change in the temperature gradient of χ, which is interpreted as the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal transition.

Keywords: Electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, phase transition.

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Comparative Efficacy of Anthelmintic Resistance in Goat in Sylhet, Bangladesh

Dr. Suman Kumar Singh^1,*, Prof. Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam² and Dr. Md. Tanvir Hasan³

^1,*Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Email : modern_suman@yahoo.com

²Chairman, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh.

³Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh.

A study is conducted to determine and compare the efficacy of different anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats in Sylhet goverment goat development farm. About 60 male goats are divided into four groups of 15 animals each: the 1st group served as the untreated control, the 2nd was treated with albendazole, the 3rd with levamisole and the 4th with ivermectin. Faecal samples are collected on day 0 before treatment and again day on 12 post treatment. Efficacy for each anthelmintic is determined by the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT). About 100% efficacy against strongyle and Trichuris sp. is recorded in goats treated with albendazole and ivermectin. On the contrary, low efficacy of 86.7% is observed in goats treated with levamisol. Likewise, low efficacy of 66.7%, 40% and 46.7% against Moniezia sp. is recorded in goats treated with albendzole, levamisol and ivermectin, respectively. Coprocultures from all both pre and post-treatment samples revealed the pre-dominance of Haemonchus sp. The results of the study showed the presence of inverse relationship between the body condition score and their respective mean EPG (R² = 0.99), suggesting the negative effect of parasitic load on the performance of goats. A questionnaire survey conducted to gather information on methods of control practices of nematodes of goats revealed lack of basic awareness among owners of goats about the best use and efficacy of anthelmintics. In addition, it indicated that farmers in the study area apply many practices that may lower the efficacy of anthelmintics and favor the emergence of anthelmintic resistance. Benzimidazoles group of anthelmintics were reported to be used at the most frequency followed by imidazothiazoles and the avermectins are used at lowest frequency.

Keywords: Anthelmintics, Gastrointestinal nematodes, Albendazole, Levamisol, Ivermectin, Faec`al Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), Strongyle and Trichuris sp., Moniezia sp., Haemonchus sp.

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Identification and Diagnostic Procedure of Gastrointestinal Nematode Egg Based on EPG Method on Cattle, Sylhet, Bangaladesh

Dr. Md. Tanvir Hasan^1,*, Dr. Suman kumar Singh² and Prof. Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam³

^1,*DVM, MS in Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Email: hasan.tanvir27@gmail.com

²DVM, MS in Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Email: modern_suman@yahoo.com

 ³Chairman, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Email:dr.rafiqsau@gmail.com

A study was conducted to determine Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) egg count in faeces based on McMaster technique (EPG method) in naturally infected cattle around Sylhet Agricultural University. About 60 cattle were selected and divided into three groups of 20 animals each: the 1^st group was treated with albendazole, the 2^nd group was treated with levamisole and the 3^rd with ivermectin. Faecal samples were collected on day 0 before treatment and again day on 12 post treatment. Pre Treatment Mean EPG±SE for albendazole group was 850±18.137, levamisole group was 650±22.064 and ivermectin group was 550±16.623. After post treatment we got Mean EPG±SE for albendazole group was 100±8.885, levamisole group was 50±8.885 and ivermectin group was 200±17.770. After treatment with albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin it reduced EPG count significantly (p<0.001). Further detailed investigations are necessary to clarify the current status in different agro ecology, species of animals and management systems.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN), McMaster Technique (EPG Method).

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The Prevalence of Clinical Diseases in Dogs of Sylhet Sadar, Bangladesh

Dr. Suman Kumar Singh^1,*, Prof. Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam² and Dr. Md. Tanvir Hasan³

^1,*Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Email : modern_suman@yahool.com

²Chairman, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh.

³Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh.

A case control study is conducted to ascertain the prevalence of Dog diseases of 511 pet dogs presented to the Sylhet Veterinary Hospital and Veterinary clinics of Sylhet Agricultural University, during the one year period from June 2013 – June 2014. 7 categories were recorded in these pet dogs and their variation in prevalence was analyzed on the basis of age and sex. Age wise prevalence included, at the age of 0-6 months Canine Parvovirus Infection/Canine Parvovirus Enteritis (CPV) (33.33%), Canine Distemper or Hard Pad Disease (CD) (5.69%), Rabies (4.88%), Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) (5.69%), Tetanus (4.06%), Skin Diseases (35.77%), Gastro Intestinal Parasites (8.94%). At 7-12 months CPV (37.67%), CD (6.16%), Rabies (5.48%), ICH (4.11%), Tetanus (4.79%), Skin Diseases (31.50%), Gastro Intestinal Parasites (8.22%). At the age above 12 months CPV (11.16%), CD (5.37%), Rabies (19.00%), ICH (10.33%), Tetanus (7.02%), Skin Diseases (9.50%), Gastro Intestinal Parasites (14.46%). Sex wise prevalence included, in female disease prevalence of CPV (21.39%), CD (6.47%), Rabies (7.46%), ICH (6.97%), Tetanus (5.47%), Skin Diseases (22.88%), Gastro Intestinal Parasites (13.93%) and, in male disease prevalence of CPV (25.80%), CD (5.16%), Rabies (14.51%), ICH (7.74%), Tetanus (5.80%), Skin Diseases (21.61%), Gastro Intestinal Parasites (9.68%). The prevalence of the diseases of one year study period from high to low rates included- CPV (24.07%), Skin Diseases (22.11%), Rabies (11.74%), Gastro Intestinal Parasites (11.35%), ICH (7.44%), CD (5.67%) and Tetanus (5.67%).

Keywords: Canine Parvovirus Infection/Canine Parvovirus Enteritis (CPV), Canine Distemper or Hard Pad Disease (CD), Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH).

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Biochemical consideration of HsCRP as a bond cursor to metabolic Syndrome

Himanshu Tyagi^1,*, Vishal Modgil² and Shashank Tyagi³

^1,*Ph.D. Scholar, Medical Biochemistry, Singhania University(Raj), India.

²Department of Medicine,  Shivalik Hospital, Ghaziabad, India.

³Muzaffarnagar  Medical College, India.

Metabolic syndrome has generated a great deal of interest in recent years for researchers in India. The role of the acute phase protein Hs-CRP as a link marker to Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in Indians is significant. Whose plasma concentration increases by 25% or more during inflammatory disorders.  Studies have shown that elevated level of this protein can lead to an increased risk of hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) as well as metabolic syndrome. The MetS is a clustering of components that reflect over nutrition, sedentary lifestyles and resultant excess adiposity. Metabolic Syndrome is posing a major public health challenge to the health systems in developed and developing countries.  This study is an attempt to see the role of biochemical markers such as High Sensitive C reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) & Blood glucose in Metabolic Syndrome in study cases of Indian population.  The 405 study subjects aged between 25-65 yrs from general population in Ghaziabad (U.P), India, were taken, who attended the hospital for general checkup. HsCRP, Lipid profile and Blood Glucose of subjects were evaluated. On application of ATP 3^rd criteria on the screened subject patients, they are classified. Our study found that the number of subjects having MetS was 173 (42.71% of total). In the subgroup of metabolic syndrome with diabetes, the total number of subjects was 105 (25.92%) in which age wise distribution was 26 (6.41%) in 25-45 yrs and 79 (19.50%) in 45-65 yrs. In the second subgroup of metabolic syndrome without diabetes total number of subjects was 68 (16.79%) in which age wise distribution was 16 (3.95%) in 25-45 yrs and 52 (12.83%) in 45-65 yrs. The study proposes the inclusion of biochemical parameter HsCRP in the criteria for defining cases of metabolic syndrome, so that more metabolic syndrome cases can be picked up at earliest. This issue is especially pertinent for the Indian patient population in whom cardiovascular disease is becoming increasingly common in both sexes and in age group of 25-65 yrs. There should be emphasis on detection of metabolic syndrome and intensification of targeted preventive strategies. In this study; there is strong evidence that Hs-CRP should be included in the case definition criteria or diagnostic criteria of Metabolic Syndrome. The study proposes the inclusion of biochemical parameter Hs-CRP in the criteria for defining cases of metabolic syndrome in Indians. So that more cases of Metabolic Syndrome can be picked up at earliest.

Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), High Sensitive C reactive Protein (Hs-CRP).

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Maintaining the Environmental Flow Requirement’s of a River to sustain It’s Ecological Balance: A Challenge

Lt. Col. Manish Kothari

M.Tech (IInd year), WRD & M Department, IIT, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

Water has been over-exploited by the human society, which has not only drained the vital river resources but has also exhausted of the ancient aquifers that are hard to replenish. The flows of the world’s rivers are increasingly being modified through impoundments such as dams and weirs, abstractions for agriculture and urban water supply, drainage return flows, maintenance of flows for navigation, and structures for flood control. These interventions have caused significant alteration of flow regimes mainly by reducing the total flow and affecting the regime and seasonality of flows. It is estimated that more than 60 % of the world’s rivers are fragmented by hydrological alterations.

Environmental flows describe the quantity, quality and timing of water flows required to sustain riverine ecosystems and the human livelihoods that is dependent on these ecosystems.

It is a great challenge for water manager’s to account for natural differences in flow regime among rivers, understanding the importance of environment flow for the protection of freshwater biodiversity, estuarine ecosystems and maintenance of services that rivers provide. In the absence of detailed information of environmental flow requirements for rivers, it is proposed that a generic approach to be ascertained that incorporates key aspects of natural flow regime for the rivers, which can be validated with empirical biological data and other information. It is assumed that such approach can narrow up the gap between simple hydrological “guidelines” and more comprehensive “environmental flow requirements”.

Keywords: Environmental flow, Riverine ecosystem, Estuarine ecosystem.

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Dielectric and Magnetic Study of CNTs-Fe₃O₄ Composites

Annveer^1,* and  Ritu²

¹Assistant Professor, Physics Dept., N.R.E.C. (PG) College, Khurja (Bulandshahr), UP, India.

²S.S.V. (PG) College, Hapur, UP, India.

A comparative study of dielectric and magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ and CNTs-Fe₃O₄ composite has been reported in paper. In this, CNTs-Fe₃O₄ composites have been prepared by dispersing the CNTs in ionic (Fe⁺²/Fe⁺³, in 1:2) solution via chemical co-precipitation route. The dielectric properties of composites have been investigated in 10¹-10⁶ Hz frequency range. The saturation magnetization (M_s) of CNTs-Fe₃O₄ composite is reduced. The dielectric permittivity of composites with increasing weight fraction of CNTs is also reduced which may be due to the space polarization of charges accumulated via conducting channels of CNTs.

Keyword: Composite materials, Chemical vapour deposition (CVD), Magnetic materials, Magnetic properties, Dielectric properties.

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Generalized Hypergeometric Forms of Some Elliptic Type Integrals

Nadeem Ahmad

Department of Bio sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia nagar, New Delhi, India.

The study of elliptic type integrals has been important due to their applications in certain problems involving computations of radiation field. In an arbitrary angular distribution law the radiation field off axis from a circular disc radiated. In this paper I have developed some generalized hypergeometric forms of elliptic type integrals in complete and incomplete integrals.

Keywords: elliptic type integrals, complete elliptic type integrals, incomplete elliptic type integrals.

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